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school May 2025

Frequency doubler, better this time

A second pass at the analog frequency doubler. Same topology as the 2024 attempt, but tighter at every step. Measured inductances first, cascaded two LC band-passes centred at 7.45 kHz, tuned potentiometers down with an Analog Discovery, and ended at an SDR of roughly 26.7 dB. A real, audible step up.

What I did differently

  • Measured the actual inductors: 92 mH and 102 mH, instead of assuming the nominal value. Capacitor targets fall straight out of the resonance formula once the inductance is real.
  • Built the capacitors I wanted: 5 nF as two 10 nF in series; ~4.5 nF as that 5 nF in series with a parallel pair of 22 nF caps. Not standard values, but built from standard parts.
  • Used the Analog Discovery for the AC-RMS reading of the full output and the isolated tone, so the SDR estimate was based on actual measurements instead of scope eyeballing.
  • Op-amp buffer between filters, same as before, but with the two filter stages now actually decoupled.

The numbers

  • Input: 3725 Hz, target output: 7450 Hz.
  • Output AC-RMS: 14.77 mV. Tone AC-RMS at 7450 Hz: ~14.75 mV (rounded down for conservatism). Noise power therefore ~4.7×10⁻⁷ V².
  • SDR ≈ 26.66 dB. Clean enough that the side-by-side scope traces of the doubled signal and a reference sinusoid are visually almost indistinguishable.
Oscilloscope screen capture: orange input sinusoid at 3.7 kHz at ±2 V, with a blue output waveform on top at twice the frequency but much smaller amplitude, hugging the input zero-crossings.
Input (orange) and doubled output (blue) on the same time axis. Frequency is doubled; amplitude is far lower. That is the cost of band-pass filtering a half-wave-rectified signal.
Spectrum analyser screenshot from 0 to ~20 kHz. A single sharp peak at roughly 7.45 kHz reaches ~15 mV. The noise floor and any input-fundamental leakage is barely visible.
FFT of the output. One dominant peak at the doubled frequency, residual leakage near the noise floor.
Oscilloscope trace comparing the doubled output (blue) against a clean reference sinusoid at 7.45 kHz (orange). The two waveforms overlap closely across the screen, visually almost the same curve.
Output vs reference. Visually indistinguishable for a 26.7 dB SDR.

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